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Development of visually driven postural reactivity: a fully immersive virtual reality study.

Selma Greffou1, Armando Bertone, Jean-Marie Hanssens

  • 1Visual Psychophysics and Perception Laboratory, School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. selma.greffou@umontreal.ca

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Young children heavily rely on vision for balance, struggling with dynamic tasks. Postural control improves significantly with age, stabilizing by late adolescence.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Postural regulation is crucial for daily activities.
  • Visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems contribute to balance.
  • The development of visually driven postural control in children is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of visually driven postural regulation in typically developing children.
  • To identify age-related changes in body sway and postural perturbations during dynamic visual-avoids.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-two participants across five age groups (5-25 years) stood in an oscillating virtual tunnel.
  • Anterior-posterior oscillations were applied at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 Hz.
  • Measures included body sway (BS) and velocity root mean squared (vRMS) of postural perturbations.

Main Results:

  • 67% of 5-7 year olds could not maintain balance under dynamic conditions.
  • Body sway (BS) significantly decreased with age across all frequencies.
  • Velocity root mean squared (vRMS) significantly decreased from 8-11 years to 16-19 years, stabilizing thereafter.

Conclusions:

  • Young children (5-7 years) exhibit an over-reliance on visual input for postural control.
  • A significant developmental period for sensorimotor maturation in postural regulation occurs between 8-19 years.
  • Postural control strategies mature and stabilize by late adolescence.