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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

New concepts in chronic urticaria.

Becky M Vonakis1, Sarbjit S Saini

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|October 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Chronic urticaria, a common skin condition, may stem from an autoimmune response involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) and its receptor. Research explores autoantibodies and cellular changes in mast cells and basophils, offering potential new therapies.

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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Chronic urticaria (CIU) is a prevalent skin condition with largely unknown causes.
  • Symptoms resemble allergic reactions, suggesting involvement of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and its receptor on mast cells and basophils.
  • An autoimmune basis is proposed due to autoantibodies targeting IgE or its receptor in 40% of CIU patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of autoantibodies and cellular mechanisms in chronic urticaria.
  • To explore the potential of targeting the IgE pathway for CIU treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of serum IgG autoantibodies against IgE or the IgE receptor.
  • Assessment of IgE receptor degranulation and signaling molecule expression in mast cells and basophils.
  • Correlation of autoantibody presence and cellular changes with CIU disease activity.

Main Results:

  • Serum IgG autoantibodies targeting IgE or its receptor detected in approximately 40% of CIU cases.
  • Altered IgE receptor degranulation and changes in mast cell/basophil signaling observed in active CIU.
  • These cellular changes revert upon disease remission.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports an autoimmune etiology for a significant portion of chronic urticaria cases.
  • Dysregulation of IgE receptor signaling in mast cells and basophils is implicated in CIU pathogenesis.
  • Targeting the IgE and IgE receptor pathway presents a promising therapeutic strategy for CIU.