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Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
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Drug Elimination: The Concept of Clearance

Drug elimination refers to removing drugs from the body, either through urine by the kidneys or through bile by the liver. Drug clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter that measures the efficiency of drug removal from the bloodstream within a specific time frame. It is calculated as the rate at which a drug is eliminated from plasma divided by the plasma concentration of the drug.
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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Curation of Computational Chemical Libraries Demonstrated with Alpha-Amino Acids
08:21

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Published on: April 13, 2022

CleanEST: a database of cleansed EST libraries.

Byungwook Lee1, Gwangsik Shin

  • 1Korean BioInformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-817, Korea. bulee@kribb.re.kr

Nucleic Acids Research
|October 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

CleanEST is a new database server that classifies and removes contaminants from expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries. This improves the accuracy of gene discovery and exon-intron structure verification using dbEST data.

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) databases like dbEST are crucial for gene discovery and structural analysis.
  • Inconsistent library descriptions and sequence contamination hinder the effective use of dbEST data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce CleanEST, a novel database server designed to classify and cleanse dbEST libraries.
  • To enhance the reliability and usability of EST sequences for research applications.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of dbEST libraries by species, sequencing center, and human anatomical/pathological systems (using eVOC ontologies).
  • Development of a 'pre-cleansed' sequence set by aligning ESTs against known contaminants (UniVec, E. coli, mitochondria, chloroplast).
  • Implementation of an automatic 'user-cleansed' pipeline for on-the-fly sequence cleaning based on user-selected options.

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Main Results:

  • CleanEST provides systematically classified dbEST libraries.
  • Two distinct sets of cleansed sequences ('pre-cleansed' and 'user-cleansed') are offered.
  • The database is updated monthly to ensure current data.

Conclusions:

  • CleanEST addresses key limitations in dbEST data quality by classifying libraries and removing contaminants.
  • The server facilitates more accurate gene discovery and structural verification.
  • CleanEST offers a valuable resource for researchers utilizing EST data.