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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Microscopic Replantation of Penile Glans Amputation Due to Circumcision
07:28

Microscopic Replantation of Penile Glans Amputation Due to Circumcision

Published on: June 3, 2022

Penile reconstruction/formation.

Gennaro Selvaggi1, Anna Elander

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. selvaggigennaro@yahoo.it

Current Opinion in Urology
|October 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Penis01:29

Penis

The penis serves a dual role in sexual reproduction and urination. It consists of three main regions: the glans penis, the body, and the root, each with distinct functions and unique anatomical features.
Anatomy of the Penis
The glans penis, or the head, is the terminal part of the penis and houses the external urethral orifice, the exit point for urine and semen. Covered by the prepuce, or foreskin, the glans is noted for its sensitivity and plays a key role in sexual pleasure. The body of the...

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Penile reconstruction surgery, for trauma or gender reassignment, faces challenges. Advances exist, but long-term outcomes and patient selection remain critical for successful penile reconstruction.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Gender Affirming Care

Background:

  • Penile reconstruction encompasses diverse procedures, including trauma repair, gender reassignment surgery (GRS), concealed penis correction, and aphallia management.
  • Current literature presents technical advancements but highlights significant challenges in achieving optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate existing reviews and assess the scientific validity of recent literature on various penile reconstruction techniques.
  • To identify limitations in current research, including study design, follow-up duration, and outcome assessment measures.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and critical appraisal of published literature on penile reconstruction.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on trauma, GRS, concealed penis, and aphallia.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Microscopic Replantation of Penile Glans Amputation Due to Circumcision
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Published on: June 3, 2022

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Main Results:

  • Technical innovations in penile reconstruction are noted, yet long-term follow-up data reveal considerable surgical difficulties, complications, and outcome limitations.
  • Progress in the scientific understanding of penile reconstruction is hampered by a scarcity of controlled trials, high patient attrition rates (particularly in GRS), and a lack of validated assessment tools.
  • Recent studies offer clearer insights into patient selection and managing expectations.

Conclusions:

  • Penile reconstruction is a complex, multi-stage procedure often requiring revisions, with scientific progress being slow.
  • Improved patient selection and realistic expectation setting are crucial for enhancing outcomes in penile reconstruction surgery.
  • Further high-quality, controlled studies with validated outcome measures are needed to advance the field of penile reconstruction.