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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
07:42

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

Difference between selected and obtained shade for metal-ceramic crown systems.

Hanan Omar1, Osama Atta, Omar El-Mowafy

  • 1Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. hananakomar@yahoo.com

Operative Dentistry
|October 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Gold electroformed and In-Ceram crowns offer superior shade matching compared to porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. This study found better color accuracy in these dental prosthetics for improved aesthetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Prosthodontics
  • Esthetic Dentistry

Background:

  • Accurate shade matching is crucial for the esthetic success of dental restorations.
  • Various fabrication methods and materials exist for all-ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns, each with potential implications for color reproduction.
  • Evaluating shade differences between selected and achieved shades is essential for clinical predictability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the shade differences of dental crowns fabricated using three different systems: gold electroforming with porcelain veneer, In-Ceram alumina with CEREC 3D, and traditional porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM).
  • To assess the accuracy of shade reproduction for each fabrication method against a selected shade standard (2M2).

Main Methods:

  • Ten crowns were fabricated for each of the three groups (gold electroformed, In-Ceram alumina, PFM) following manufacturer guidelines.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
07:42

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

  • An intraoral spectrophotometer (Easyshade) was used to measure the shade difference between the selected shade and the final shade of each crown.
  • Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, was performed to determine significant differences in shade matching among the groups.

    • Main Results:

    • All three systems exhibited shade differences within a range of 1.21-1.56.
    • Gold electroformed crowns showed the lowest mean shade difference, while PFM crowns had the highest.
    • Significant differences in shade matching were found among the systems (p < .0001), with PFM crowns differing significantly from both gold electroformed and In-Ceram crowns (p < 0.021).

    Conclusions:

    • Veneered gold electroformed crowns and In-Ceram alumina crowns demonstrated significantly better shade matching capabilities compared to traditional porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns.
    • These findings suggest that gold electroforming and In-Ceram offer superior esthetic outcomes in terms of color accuracy for dental restorations.