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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

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An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth
09:14

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

Published on: August 11, 2011

Tumor dormancy and immunoescape.

Bruno Quesnel1

  • 1INSERM, U837, E3, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, France. brunoquesnel@hotmail.com

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
|October 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor dormancy is maintained by immune system balance. Tumor cells escape this balance by developing resistance, leading to disease progression and relapse.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • The immune system plays a crucial role in controlling tumor dormancy.
  • Tumor dormancy can be induced experimentally through immunization, establishing an equilibrium between the immune response and tumor cells.
  • This equilibrium is also observed during early tumor development, where adaptive immunity can limit tumor growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which tumor cells escape dormancy.
  • To understand how the immune equilibrium breaks down, leading to disease progression.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for clearing minimal residual disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized experimental models of tumor dormancy in immunocompetent hosts.
  • Analyzed molecular mechanisms of immune escape in dormant and relapsing tumor cells.
  • Investigated overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules (B7-H1, B7.1) and resistance to apoptosis (SOCS1 methylation, cytokine production).

Main Results:

  • Dormant tumor cells may escape immune surveillance by overexpressing B7-H1 and B7.1, inhibiting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis.
  • Tumor cells resist apoptosis through methylation of SOCS1 and paracrine cytokine production.
  • Immunoescape mechanisms are present in tumor cells from relapsing patients, indicating a breakdown of the immune equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • The breakdown of immune equilibrium is a critical factor in the progression of dormant tumors.
  • Identifying tumor cell immunoescape mechanisms can provide new strategies to restore immune balance.
  • Targeting these mechanisms may offer novel approaches for eradicating minimal residual disease.