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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells
09:03

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Published on: November 23, 2014

Imaging angiogenesis and the microenvironment.

Dai Fukumura1, Rakesh K Jain

  • 1Edwin L Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dai@steele.mgh.harvard.edu

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
|October 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor blood vessels are abnormal, hindering cancer treatment. Restoring normal blood vessel function may improve drug delivery and treatment effectiveness.

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Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis
09:42

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis

Published on: June 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Cancer Microenvironment

Background:

  • Intravital microscopy reveals abnormal tumor vasculature, characterized by leaky vessels, heterogeneous blood flow, and compromised function.
  • Tumor vascular abnormalities, including hyperpermeability and lack of lymphatic drainage, elevate interstitial fluid pressure, creating physiological barriers.
  • These vascular defects contribute to a hostile tumor microenvironment (hypoxia, acidosis), impairing radiation and chemotherapy efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of tumor vasculature in cancer pathophysiology.
  • To explore strategies for normalizing tumor vasculature to enhance therapeutic delivery and efficacy.
  • To understand host-tumor interactions in regulating angiogenic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intravital microscopy to study tumor pathophysiology.
  • Analyzed tumor vascular organization, structure, and function.
  • Examined host-tumor interactions influencing angiogenic factor expression.

Main Results:

  • Tumor vasculature exhibits abnormal organization, structure, and function, leading to leaky, heterogeneous, and compromised blood flow.
  • Elevated interstitial fluid pressure due to vascular hyperpermeability and poor lymphatic function impedes therapeutic agent delivery.
  • Host-tumor interactions modulate angiogenic factors, contributing to tumor-specific pathophysiological characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Normalizing tumor vasculature by rebalancing pro- and anti-angiogenic factors can improve vascular function.
  • Targeting vascular normalization during treatment, particularly with cytotoxic therapy, holds potential for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy.