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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

CRIPTO3, a presumed pseudogene, is expressed in cancer.

Chao Sun¹, Olivia Orozco, Dian L Olson

¹Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec Inc, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. chao.sun@biogenidec.com

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|October 7, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

CRIPTO3 mRNA, not from the CRIPTO1 gene, is expressed in many cancers. Both Cripto-1 and Cripto-3 proteins are functional, suggesting CRIPTO3 may drive oncogenesis via retrogene activation.

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Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Generating the Transcriptional Regulation View of Transcriptomic Features for Prediction Task and Dark Biomarker Detection on Small Datasets

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cancer Research
Genetics

Background:

Cripto is a cell surface protein overexpressed in solid tumors, contributing to oncogenesis.
Cripto-1 protein is encoded by the CRIPTO1 gene.
CRIPTO3, a pseudogene, differs slightly from CRIPTO1 but has a functional open reading frame.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the expression and function of CRIPTO3 in cancer.
To determine if CRIPTO3 plays a role in oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

Analysis of SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) libraries from cancer samples.
In vitro experiments to assess protein functionality.
Comparison of CRIPTO1 and CRIPTO3 sequences and expression patterns.

Main Results:

CRIPTO3 mRNA, not CRIPTO1, was detected in numerous cancer samples.
CRIPTO1 mRNA was primarily found in embryonic stem cell libraries.
Both Cripto-1 and Cripto-3 proteins demonstrated functionality in the Nodal-dependent signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

CRIPTO3 is an expressed gene, particularly prevalent in certain cancers.
CRIPTO3 may represent a novel mechanism of oncogenesis through retrogene activation.