Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
Published on: August 13, 2013
Oral tolerance: intestinal homeostasis and antigen-specific regulatory T cells
1Age Dimension Research Center, National Institute of AdvancedIndustrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6-13, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. nm-tsuji@aist.go.jp
Abstract:
Mucosal surfaces, especially those of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, are sites for tolerance induction to numerous exogenous antigens (Ags), and provide a microenvironment suitable for generating tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that contribute to the functional maturation of regulatory T cells. During immune homeostasis in the GI tract, innate immune signals provided by innocuous or commensal bacteria play important roles in stabilizing this noninflammatory microenvironment and function of regulatory T cells. Thus oral tolerance consists of two phases of immune response: the maintenance of homeostasis and the suppression of immune responses mediated by Ag-specific regulatory T cells. Elucidating mechanisms for both phases should contribute to physiological intervention of local and systemic immunity, thereby improving homeostasis in both health and disease.
Related Concept Videos
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

