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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Tracking Tumor Cell Dissemination from Lung Metastases Using Photoconversion
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How tumours escape mass destruction.

T J Stewart1, S I Abrams

  • 1Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Oncogene
|October 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The immune system

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The immune system's role in controlling cancer, known as immunosurveillance, is well-established.
  • Compromised immunosurveillance, due to genetic or pathological factors, significantly increases tumor formation.
  • Tumors can actively suppress the immune response, promoting their own progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between immunosurveillance and neoplastic progression.
  • To understand how tumors create immunosuppressive microenvironments.
  • To identify mechanisms by which tumors evade immune detection and destruction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established literature on immunosurveillance and tumor immunology.
  • Analysis of preclinical animal models and patient data on cancer incidence and immune status.
  • Examination of cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration that impaired immune responses correlate with increased tumor incidence and progression.
  • Evidence that tumors actively generate immunosuppressive environments via cell-contact dependent and independent pathways.
  • Identification of these immunosuppressive networks as major obstacles to cell-mediated immunity and immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • A functional immune system is critical for controlling neoplastic diseases.
  • Understanding tumor escape mechanisms is essential for developing effective cancer immunotherapies.
  • Targeting tumor-induced immunosuppression holds promise for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes.