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Gender Differences in Patterns of Association Between Prosocial Behavior, Personality, and Externalizing Problems.

Gwen R Pursell1, Brett Laursen, Kenneth H Rubin

  • 1Florida Atlantic University.

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This study reveals that personality traits like agreeableness and conscientiousness are independently linked to fewer externalizing problems in adolescent boys. For girls, these personality traits fully or partially explain the connection between prosocial behavior and behavior problems.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Externalizing problems, such as aggression and delinquency, are significant concerns in adolescent development.
  • Understanding the interplay between prosocial behavior and personality traits is crucial for addressing these issues.
  • Previous research suggests links between prosociality, personality, and behavior problems, but gender-specific pathways require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent and overlapping associations of prosocial behavior and personality with adolescent externalizing problems.
  • To examine gender differences in the relationships between prosocial behavior, personality, and externalizing problems.
  • To determine the mediating roles of agreeableness and conscientiousness in the link between prosocial behavior and externalizing problems.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of early adolescents (128 female, 103 male, mean age 13.6 years) completed personality inventories.
  • Prosocial behavior was assessed using peer nominations (N=663).
  • Externalizing problems (aggression, delinquency) were measured via maternal and self-reports, analyzed using path analyses.

Main Results:

  • For girls, the association between prosocial behavior and externalizing problems was fully mediated by agreeableness and partially by conscientiousness.
  • For boys, prosocial behavior, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were independently and negatively associated with aggression and delinquency.
  • Gender differences were evident in the patterns of association between personality, prosocial behavior, and externalizing problems.

Conclusions:

  • Personality traits and prosocial behavior have distinct relationships with boys' externalizing problems.
  • For girls, the influence of prosocial behavior on externalizing problems is intertwined with personality traits, particularly agreeableness and conscientiousness.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering gender when examining the developmental pathways of adolescent behavior problems.