Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage01:25

Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage

Understanding how a drug's concentration fluctuates within the body over time is crucial in pharmacokinetics, particularly with multiple oral doses. A graphical representation of multiple oral dosages provides insight into these dynamics. Typical accumulation curves of a drug's concentration in the body reveal a sawtooth pattern, indicating periodic peaks and troughs correlating with each dose administration and the drug's subsequent elimination.The plasma concentration at any time during an...
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of a Functional CYP2C8 Variant Allele that Alters Splicing, Reduces Protein Expression, and Increases Drug Exposure.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Effects of Celecoxib and Etoricoxib on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Effects of Orally Administered Tramadol: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology·2026
Same author

In vitro inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) is common among marketed drugs.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2026
Same author

Recommendations for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Adults: A Contextualized Clinical Practice Guideline From the Saudi Critical Care Society and the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Endorsed by the Kuwait Anesthesia and Critical Care Society.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

Distinct fasting and postprandial bile acid responses following Roux-en-Y and one-anastomosis gastric bypass.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same author

Repeated Intake of Grapefruit Juice Inhibits CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 while Lingonberry Powder Does Not Induce Major CYP Enzymes in Humans.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2025

Related Experiment Videos

Voriconazole drastically increases exposure to oral oxycodone.

Nora M Hagelberg1, Tuija H Nieminen, Teijo I Saari

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52 (Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8), FI-20521 Turku, Finland.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|October 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Voriconazole significantly increases oxycodone exposure by inhibiting CYP3A-mediated metabolism. This drug interaction may necessitate lower oxycodone doses to prevent adverse effects during voriconazole treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Metabolism
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Oxycodone is a widely used opioid analgesic.
  • Voriconazole is a potent antifungal agent.
  • Drug interactions involving CYP3A metabolism are clinically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between voriconazole and oxycodone.
  • To determine the impact of voriconazole on oxycodone metabolism and its clinical effects.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, cross-over study involving 12 healthy subjects.
  • Administration of voriconazole or placebo, followed by oxycodone intake.
  • Measurement of plasma concentrations of oxycodone and its metabolites, alongside pharmacodynamic assessments.

Main Results:

  • Voriconazole increased oxycodone area under the curve (AUC) 3.6-fold and half-life 2.0-fold.
  • Reduced noroxycodone to oxycodone ratio by 92% and increased oxymorphone ratio by 108%.
  • Modest increase in oxycodone's pharmacodynamic effects observed.

Conclusions:

  • Voriconazole inhibits CYP3A-mediated N-demethylation of oxycodone, leading to significantly higher oral exposure.
  • Lower oxycodone doses may be required during voriconazole therapy to mitigate opioid-related adverse events, particularly with repeated dosing.