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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples
Published on: October 1, 2016
Simple coupling of gas chromatography to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Nina Brenner1, Markus Haapala, Katariina Vuorensola
1Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract:
A simple method for direct coupling of gas chromatography (GC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) has been developed. The outlet of the GC capillary column was placed between the ESI needle and the atmospheric pressure ionization (API) source of a mass spectrometer. The ionization occurs via dissolution of neutral compounds into the charged ESI droplet followed by ion evaporation or via a gas-phase proton transfer reaction between a protonated solvent molecule and an analyte. The mass spectra of organic volatile compounds showed abundant protonated molecules with little fragmentation, being very similar to those produced by normal liquid ESI. The quantitative performance of the system was evaluated by determining the limit of detection (LOD), linearity ( r (2)), and repeatability (RSD). The GC-ESI/MS method was shown to be stable, providing high sensitivity and good quantitative performance.
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