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Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective
1Department of History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8324, USA.
Immunological Reviews
|October 8, 2008
Summary
Infectious disease threats reemerged due to global changes, challenging the belief that they were conquered. New systems were developed to combat these emerging diseases, but preparedness gaps were revealed.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- A mid-century belief in conquering infectious diseases was prevalent.
- The Surgeon General declared victory over infectious diseases by 1992.
Observation:
- Emerging infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, cholera, plague, and Ebola highlighted new vulnerabilities.
- Factors contributing to vulnerability include population growth, urbanization, antimicrobial resistance, and mass migration.
- Dengue fever's increased virulence and the microbial cause of peptic ulcers underscored the evolving threat landscape.
Findings:
- The term 'emerging and reemerging diseases' was coined to describe a new era of epidemic vulnerability.
- Rapid response systems were established by the US and WHO to monitor and contain outbreaks.
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 exposed critical gaps in global preparedness.
Implications:
- Enhanced global surveillance and rapid response are crucial for managing infectious disease threats.
- Continued research into microbial origins and antimicrobial resistance is vital.
- International cooperation is essential for effective pandemic preparedness and response.
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