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Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...

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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Neutrophil Lifespan Extension with CLON-G and an In Vitro Spontaneous Death Assay
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Neutrophil Lifespan Extension with CLON-G and an In Vitro Spontaneous Death Assay

Published on: May 12, 2023

Febrile neutropenia.

Michael Ellis1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tawam-Johns Hopkins and Al Ain Hospitals, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. michael.ellis@uaeu.ac.ae

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|October 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Febrile neutropenia management has evolved, with prophylactic antibiotics improving survival. Newer diagnostics and targeted therapies, including antifungals and non-antibiotic agents, enhance patient outcomes and reduce infection risks.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Febrile neutropenia (FN) poses a significant risk to patients, often leading to poor prognoses due to associated infections.
  • Prophylactic antibiotic use has demonstrated survival benefits, though resistance implications require further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of febrile neutropenia.
  • To explore advancements in managing neutropenia-associated infections, particularly fungal infections.
  • To discuss novel non-antibiotic therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of trials on prophylactic antibiotics and management of established febrile neutropenia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic advancements for invasive fungal infections, including imaging and serological markers.

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Neutrophil Isolation and Analysis to Determine their Role in Lymphoma Cell Sensitivity to Therapeutic Agents
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Neutrophil Lifespan Extension with CLON-G and an In Vitro Spontaneous Death Assay
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Neutrophil Isolation and Analysis to Determine their Role in Lymphoma Cell Sensitivity to Therapeutic Agents

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  • Evaluation of non-antibiotic agents like recombinant interleukin-11 and growth factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Selective antibiotic administration and identification of low-risk patients allow for oral or no antibiotic treatment.
    • Newer antifungal agents and diagnostic tests improve early detection and outcomes for invasive fungal infections.
    • Non-antibiotic agents show promise in reducing bacteremia and modulating inflammatory responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Current FN management emphasizes selective antibiotic use and early identification of high-risk patients.
    • Innovations in antifungal diagnostics and therapeutics are crucial for improving outcomes in neutropenic patients.
    • Recombinant growth factors and other non-antibiotic agents offer promising adjunctive strategies for managing neutropenia and its complications.