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Extracellular DNA fragments.

Aleksei V Ermakov1, Svetlana V Kostyuk, Marina S Konkova

  • 1Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia. dr_ermakovav@mail.ru

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Summary

X-ray radiation induces adaptive responses in lymphocytes, causing chromosomal changes in both exposed and bystander cells. This suggests intercellular communication plays a role in DNA repair and stress signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Radiation Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The adaptive response to stress involves complex cellular mechanisms.
  • Pericentromeric loci of homologous chromosomes are involved in DNA repair processes like homologous recombination.
  • The bystander effect describes responses in non-irradiated cells exposed to signals from irradiated cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of low-dose X-ray radiation on chromosomal organization in lymphocytes.
  • To determine if DNA fragments from irradiated cells mediate the bystander effect.
  • To explore intercellular stress signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of human lymphocytes with 10 cGy X-rays.
  • Observation of pericentromeric loci transposition and nucleolus-forming regions (NFRs) activation.
  • Incubation of bystander cells with medium from irradiated cells.
  • Isolation and transfer of DNA fragments between cell cultures.

Main Results:

  • X-ray radiation induced transposition of pericentromeric loci and NFR activation in irradiated lymphocytes.
  • These effects were also observed in bystander lymphocytes exposed to the conditioned medium.
  • DNA fragments isolated from irradiated cells did not induce these effects in non-irradiated cells, suggesting non-DNA factors are involved in the bystander effect.

Conclusions:

  • Low-dose X-ray radiation triggers adaptive responses involving chromosomal rearrangements in lymphocytes.
  • The bystander effect in this context is mediated by factors in the culture medium, not solely DNA fragments.
  • Intercellular stress signaling pathways are activated, influencing chromosomal dynamics in non-targeted cells.