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Published on: February 11, 2019
Gastrointestinal complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Ji-Hye Lee1, Gye-Yeon Lim, Soo Ah Im
1Department of Radiology, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Insights
Gastrointestinal complications are common and serious after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Imaging is crucial for diagnosing these issues in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Hematology
- Radiology
Background:
- Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients.
- Common GI complications include typhlitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, viral enteritis, graft-versus-host disease, pneumatosis intestinalis, intestinal thrombotic microangiopathy, and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a pictorial review of imaging features for diagnosing GI complications in pediatric HSCT recipients.
- To highlight the importance of imaging in assessing the extent and diagnosing these complications.
Main Methods:
- Review of imaging findings (ultrasonography and CT) in pediatric HSCT recipients with GI complications.
- Correlation of imaging features with clinical factors and diagnoses.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of characteristic imaging appearances for various GI complications.
- Emphasis on the role of imaging in differentiating between these conditions.
Conclusions:
- Imaging modalities like ultrasonography and CT are essential for the diagnosis and management of GI complications in pediatric HSCT patients.
- Early and accurate diagnosis through imaging can improve patient outcomes.
Abstract:
Gastrointestinal system involvement is one of the principal complications seen in the recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and it is also a major cause of morbidity and death in these patients. The major gastrointestinal complications include typhlitis (neutropenic enterocolitis), pseudomembranous enterocolitis, viral enteritis, graft-versus-host disease, benign pneumatosis intestinalis, intestinal thrombotic microangiopathy, and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. As these patients present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms, evaluation with using such imaging modalities as ultrasonography and CT is essential in order to assess the extent of gastrointestinal involvement and to diagnose these complications. We present here a pictorial review of the imaging features and other factors involved in the diagnosis of these gastrointestinal complications in pediatric HSCT recipients.
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