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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
07:00

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

Diagnostic coding accuracy for traumatic spinal cord injuries.

E M Hagen1, T Rekand, N E Gilhus

  • 1Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. ellen.merete.hagen@helse-bergen.no

Spinal Cord
|October 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic searches for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes overestimate incidence. ICD-10 codes are more reliable but require extensive validity checks for accurate epidemiological research.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Traumatology
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Accurate identification of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases is crucial for epidemiological research and health planning.
  • Electronic databases utilizing International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes are increasingly used for case ascertainment.
  • The validity of these electronic searches for traumatic SCI requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of electronic searches of discharge diagnoses for identifying traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases.
  • To compare the performance of different versions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in case ascertainment.
  • To determine the reliability of ICD codes for epidemiological research of traumatic SCI.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective register study was conducted at Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
  • Hospital admissions with ICD codes suggestive of traumatic SCI (ICD-8 to ICD-10) were identified.
  • Cases were verified by reviewing all associated medical records.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1080 patients with suggestive ICD codes, only 260 were confirmed upon medical record review.
  • International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes demonstrated superior positive predictive values (PPV) and likelihood ratios (LR+) compared to ICD-8 and ICD-9.
  • A combination of seven specific ICD-10 codes achieved high sensitivity (0.83), specificity (0.97), PPV (0.88), and LR+ (30.23).

Conclusions:

  • Relying solely on electronic databases for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) diagnoses leads to overestimation of incidence.
  • While ICD-10 codes are more reliable, identifying traumatic SCI cases is complex due to multiple coding for acute injuries and sequelae.
  • Extensive validity checks are essential for any use of ICD data in research, health planning, or administration.