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Related Concept Videos

Hazard Rate01:11

Hazard Rate

The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
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Habitat Fragmentation02:31

Habitat Fragmentation

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Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs
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Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs

Published on: January 13, 2026

Hazard mitigation or mitigation hazard?

Hauke Reuter1, Gertrud Menzel, Hendrik Pehlke

  • 1Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, P. O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany. hauke.reuter@zmt.uni-bremen.de

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|October 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing dwarfing genes into oilseed rape (OSR) to reduce its environmental impact may backfire. This strategy might unintentionally increase the persistence of genetically modified OSR in feral environments.

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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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Published on: July 24, 2016

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12:44

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Published on: July 24, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Transgenic oilseed rape (OSR) poses environmental and economic challenges due to frequent volunteer occurrences and hybridization potential.
  • A proposed mitigation strategy involves coupling transgenic traits with dwarfing genes to reduce the competitive fitness of OSR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the ecological implications of using dwarfing genes as a mitigation strategy for transgenic OSR.
  • To investigate the characteristics and establishment of feral OSR populations.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale field surveys (>500 km²) in Northern Germany over several years.
  • Recording phenological and population parameters of OSR in rural and urban areas.
  • Analyzing differences between feral and cultivated OSR plants, including size and vegetation cover at occurrence sites.

Main Results:

  • Feral OSR populations were denser in urban (1.68/km²) than rural (1.19/km²) areas.
  • Feral OSR plants were, on average, 41% smaller than cultivated OSR.
  • Feral OSR establishment occurred in areas with disturbed vegetation, facilitating initial growth.

Conclusions:

  • The observed dwarfing in feral OSR may represent phenotypic adaptation, potentially improving pre-adaptation to feral environments.
  • The dwarfing mitigation strategy might increase, rather than decrease, the escape and persistence of transgene varieties.
  • Effective risk assessment for genetically modified organisms requires thorough ecological analysis, not assumptions about fitness categories.