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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
08:02

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

Published on: March 24, 2023

[Cosmetic allergy].

Milena Wojciechowska1, Jacek Gocki, Zbigniew Bartuzi

  • 1Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
|October 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cosmetics, used externally for hygiene and grooming, can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions. These side effects are often linked to common ingredients like fragrances and preservatives found in cosmetic products.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology

Context:

  • Cosmetics are defined as external-use products for human body contact, including skin, hair, and oral mucous membranes.
  • Their primary functions involve cleansing, conditioning, protection, perfuming, and grooming.
  • Despite safety aims, cosmetic products can elicit adverse reactions.

Purpose:

  • To define cosmetics and their intended functions.
  • To highlight the potential for adverse effects from cosmetic use.
  • To identify common causative agents of cosmetic-related side effects.

Summary:

  • Cosmetics are external preparations for body care, hygiene, and aesthetic enhancement.
  • Common cosmetic ingredients, particularly fragrances and preservatives, are frequently associated with adverse skin reactions.
  • Irritation and allergic contact dermatitis are notable side effects linked to these ingredients.

Impact:

  • Understanding cosmetic composition is crucial for preventing adverse reactions.
  • Identifies fragrances and preservatives as key ingredients to scrutinize for potential allergens.
  • Informs consumers and manufacturers about potential risks associated with cosmetic products.