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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Complementary Approaches to Interrogate Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells
07:04

Complementary Approaches to Interrogate Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells

Published on: September 15, 2023

Autophagy: a sweet process in diabetes.

Alfred J Meijer1, Patrice Codogno

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.j.meijer@amc.uva.nl

Cell Metabolism
|October 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process, is vital for pancreatic beta cell health and function. Its induction protects these cells from oxidative stress, particularly in diabetic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolism
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular degradation process.
  • The insulin-amino acid-mTOR pathway is known to inhibit autophagy.
  • Pancreatic beta cells are crucial for glucose homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of basal autophagy in pancreatic beta cell maintenance.
  • To determine if inducing autophagy can protect beta cells from damage.

Main Methods:

  • Studies examined the necessity of basal autophagy for beta cell architecture and function.
  • Experiments involved inducing autophagy in diabetic mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Basal autophagy is essential for preserving pancreatic beta cell structure and function.

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Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay
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Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay

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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

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Complementary Approaches to Interrogate Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells
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Complementary Approaches to Interrogate Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells

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Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay
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Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay

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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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  • Autophagy induction in diabetic mice demonstrated protective effects against oxidative stress-induced beta cell damage.

    • Conclusions:

    • Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining pancreatic beta cell viability.
    • Targeting autophagy may offer a therapeutic strategy for protecting beta cells in diabetes.