Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

58.4K
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
58.4K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

7.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.1K
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

2.3K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
2.3K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

4.9K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
4.9K
Types of Hormones02:13

Types of Hormones

82.8K
Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
82.8K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

6.6K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ACSS2-mediated metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk drives Fulvestrant resistance and represents a novel therapeutic target.

NPJ breast cancer·2026
Same author

Reciprocal Macrophage-MSC Crosstalk Drives Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Phenotypes in a Mineralized Collagen Scaffold.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A·2026
Same author

Effect of gestodene on the reproduction of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology·2026
Same author

Exercise suppresses breast cancer and reprograms the immune tumor microenvironment, cancer cell intrinsic features, and their interaction.

Journal of sport and health science·2026
Same author

Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Human Brain: Mechanistic Plausibility, Translational Challenges, and Links to Neurological Disease Trends.

Molecular neurobiology·2026
Same author

Loss of Mast cells and histaminergic signaling link diet to platelet-mediated NETosis and mammary cancer recurrence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.2K

Thyroid receptor subtypes: structure and function in fish.

Erik R Nelson1, Hamid R Habibi

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. enelson@ucalgary.ca

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|October 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormones regulate vertebrate growth via thyroid receptors (TRs). This review highlights TR subtypes and their functional significance, focusing on new goldfish research.

More Related Videos

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

12.0K
Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish
07:45

Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish

Published on: April 30, 2013

13.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.2K
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

12.0K
Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish
07:45

Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish

Published on: April 30, 2013

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for vertebrate growth and development.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis controls thyroid hormone levels.
  • Nuclear thyroid receptors (TRs) mediate thyroid hormone actions as transcription factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on vertebrate thyroid receptors (TRs).
  • To emphasize recent findings on the functional significance of TR subtypes.
  • To focus on research concerning TR subtypes in goldfish.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on thyroid receptors in vertebrates.
  • Analysis of molecular structures of TR subtypes, including variations.
  • Examination of functional data related to TR subtypes, particularly in goldfish.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of molecular structures for several TR subtypes across vertebrate species.
  • Identification of N-terminal truncations and C-terminal variations in TRs.
  • Recent findings in goldfish provide insights into the functional significance of TR subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid receptors exhibit structural diversity across vertebrates.
  • Functional significance of TR subtypes is an active area of research.
  • Goldfish studies offer valuable perspectives on TR subtype function in vertebrates.