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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Thyroid function and structure are affected in childhood obesity.

Giorgio Radetti1, Wolfgang Kleon, Fabio Buzi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital, via L. Boehler 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. giorgio.radetti@asbz.it

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Obese children often exhibit thyroid structure and function changes, even without autoimmune markers. This study investigated thyroid involvement in pediatric obesity, revealing frequent structural alterations and altered thyroid hormone levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Thyroidology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Thyroid function alterations are documented in obesity.
  • Limited data exists on thyroid structure and autoimmunity in obese children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate thyroid gland involvement in a large cohort of obese children.
  • To assess thyroid structure, function, and autoimmunity in pediatric obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 186 overweight and obese children.
  • Assessed serum free T3, free T4, TSH, antithyroid antibodies, and thyroid ultrasound.
  • Included 40 healthy, normal-weight children as controls.

Main Results:

  • 12.4% had antibodies and ultrasound suggestive of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  • 37.6% had ultrasound suggestive of Hashimoto's thyroiditis without antibodies.
  • Elevated TSH and altered free T3/T4 levels were observed in various groups; TSH correlated with BMI and thyroid structure alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Obese children frequently present with thyroid structure and function alterations.
  • These changes are not solely explained by autoimmune involvement.
  • Thyroid assessment is crucial in pediatric obesity management.