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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Optimized quantitative DEPT and quantitative POMMIE experiments for 13C NMR.

Bin Jiang1, Nan Xiao, Huili Liu

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces improved quantitative DEPT (Q-DEPT (+)) and Q-POMMIE NMR methods. These techniques enhance (13)C NMR sensitivity uniformly across all spin systems for accurate quantitative analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Quantitative (13)C NMR offers high resolution but suffers from low sensitivity and long acquisition times.
  • DEPT and INEPT methods enhance sensitivity by polarization transfer but yield non-uniform signal enhancements for different carbon types.
  • Existing quantitative DEPT (Q-DEPT) methods show limitations in optimizing enhancements for all carbon spin systems (SI, SI2, SI3).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop improved NMR methods for achieving uniform and enhanced (13)C signal intensities.
  • To enable accurate quantitative analysis of diverse organic molecules using (13)C NMR.
  • To overcome the limitations of previous quantitative NMR techniques for various spin systems.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of an improved quantitative DEPT (Q-DEPT (+)) technique.
  • Development of a quantitative POMMIE (Q-POMMIE) method incorporating cyclic delays and pulse phases.
  • Testing the methods across a wide range of J-coupling constants (90-230 Hz) and different spin systems.

Main Results:

  • The developed Q-DEPT (+) and Q-POMMIE methods provide nearly equal signal enhancement for all (13)C spin systems.
  • Achieved signal enhancement with a standard deviation of less than 5% across diverse spin systems.
  • Demonstrated suitability for quantitative analysis over an extensive J-coupling range.

Conclusions:

  • The improved Q-DEPT (+) and Q-POMMIE methods effectively address the non-uniform enhancement issue in (13)C NMR.
  • These techniques offer a robust solution for accurate quantitative (13)C NMR spectroscopy across various molecular structures.
  • The methods significantly advance the application of NMR for precise chemical analysis.