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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic
08:51

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic

Published on: September 4, 2012

CNS mastitis: nothing to worry about?

Ynte H Schukken1, Ruben N González, Linda L Tikofsky

  • 1Quality Milk Production Services, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. yhs2@cornell.edu

Veterinary Microbiology
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cows moderately increase somatic cell count (SCC). While CNS IMI contribute significantly to bulk milk SCC in low-SCC herds, they have minimal impact in high-SCC herds.

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Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic
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Neisseria meningitidis Infection of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell Derived Brain Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Dairy Science
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Intramammary infections (IMI) significantly impact dairy cow health and milk quality.
  • Somatic cell count (SCC) is a key indicator of udder infection and milk quality.
  • Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are common mastitis pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of CNS IMI on cow SCC and bulk milk SCC (BMSCC).
  • To determine the contribution of CNS IMI to BMSCC across different herd SCC levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large dataset (352,614 records) from dairy farms in the Northeastern USA (1992-2007).
  • Utilized milk samples for bacterial culture and SCC data from Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS).
  • Employed linear mixed models to assess the relationship between IMI status, SCC, and milk production.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct SCC populations were identified: culture-negative, CNS/Corynebacterium bovis, and major pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp.).
  • CNS IMI showed a moderate SCC increase, while major pathogens caused a significant increase.
  • Milk production was higher in CNS-infected cows but reduced in cows with major pathogen IMI.
  • CNS infections contributed 17.9% to BMSCC in herds with <200,000 cells/ml, decreasing as BMSCC rose.

Conclusions:

  • CNS IMI contribute significantly to BMSCC in dairy herds with low bulk milk SCC.
  • CNS infections are unlikely to be the primary cause of high BMSCC in herds with milk quality issues.
  • Management strategies should consider CNS IMI's role in milk quality, especially in low-SCC herds.