Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 29, 2026
06:07
Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
Published on: October 22, 2020
Cigarette smoking and military deployment: a prospective evaluation
Besa Smith1, Margaret A K Ryan, Deborah L Wingard
1Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California 92106-3521, USA. besa.smith@med.navy.mil
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|October 10, 2008
Summary
Military deployment increases the risk of starting to smoke and resuming smoking, especially after combat exposure or prolonged deployments. Prevention efforts should target smoking relapse in service members.
Area of Science:
- Military Health
- Behavioral Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Military deployment stress can exacerbate occupational stress, leading to maladaptive behaviors like smoking.
- Understanding smoking patterns related to deployment is crucial for service member well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine new smoking, smoking recidivism, and changes in daily smoking among military personnel in relation to deployment.
- To identify specific deployment-related factors associated with smoking behavior changes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study, a 21-year longitudinal study.
- Inclusion of 48,304 participants with baseline data pre-conflict and follow-up health data.
- Categorization of smoking status: new smokers, past smokers resuming, and current smokers changing habits.
Main Results:
- Smoking initiation was higher in deployers (2.3%) vs. non-deployers (1.3%).
- Smoking resumption was significantly higher in deployers (39.4%) vs. non-deployers (28.7%).
- Combat exposure, prolonged (>9 months), and multiple deployments were associated with increased smoking initiation and recidivism.
Conclusions:
- Military deployment is a significant risk factor for smoking initiation and recidivism.
- Prolonged deployments, multiple deployments, and combat exposure strongly predict post-deployment smoking.
- Targeted prevention programs are needed to address smoking relapse during and after military deployment.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:11Observational Studies
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
01:26Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
01:25Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
01:29Stimulants
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
01:24Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features
Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
01:27Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Medical History