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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...

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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

Neuroimaging in dementia.

Paolo Vitali1, Raffaella Migliaccio, Federica Agosta

  • 1Department of Neurology, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Seminars in Neurology
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging is essential for diagnosing dementia, helping to identify treatable causes and differentiate between various neurodegenerative conditions. Advanced techniques like MRI and PET scans improve diagnostic accuracy for conditions such as Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Dementia diagnosis is primarily clinical but often requires neuroimaging for comprehensive assessment.
  • Identifying non-degenerative and treatable causes of dementia is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of neuroimaging in the differential diagnosis of dementia.
  • To review advancements in neuroimaging techniques and their diagnostic utility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) applications.
  • Discussion of advanced imaging techniques including Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) and diffusion-weighted MRI.

Main Results:

  • MRI and CT can detect non-degenerative and treatable causes of dementia.
  • Advanced MRI techniques aid in identifying specific neurodegenerative disorders like frontotemporal lobar degeneration, parkinsonism, and cerebellar disorders.
  • PET imaging with PIB improves Alzheimer's disease differentiation.
  • Diffusion-weighted MRI assists in early Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging is an invaluable tool for clinicians in the differential diagnosis of dementia.
  • Specific imaging patterns on MRI have significant diagnostic utility.
  • Technological advancements are enhancing the ability to differentiate between various dementia types.