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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Combination contraceptives: effects on weight.

Maria F Gallo1, Laureen M Lopez, David A Grimes

  • 1Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combination contraceptives, like the pill or patch, show no significant weight gain in women. Current evidence is insufficient to confirm a large effect, despite common concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Weight gain is a commonly perceived side effect of combination hormonal contraceptives.
  • Concerns about weight gain can negatively impact contraceptive method choice and adherence.
  • A definitive causal link between combination contraceptives and weight gain remains unestablished.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate the evidence for an association between combination contraceptive use and changes in body weight.
  • To synthesize findings from randomized controlled trials to clarify the impact of these contraceptives on weight.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, POPLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS) and clinical trial registries.
  • Inclusion of English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least three cycles comparing combination contraceptives to placebo or other combination formulations.
  • Statistical analysis using fixed-effects models to calculate mean weight differences and Peto odds ratios for weight changes.

Main Results:

  • Three placebo-controlled RCTs found no evidence supporting a causal relationship between combination oral contraceptives or skin patches and weight gain.
  • Comparisons between different combination contraceptives generally revealed no substantial weight differences.
  • Discontinuation rates due to weight gain did not significantly differ between contraceptive groups in studies where this was assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Current scientific evidence is insufficient to definitively establish the effect of combination contraceptives on body weight.
  • While a large effect on weight gain is not evident, further research may be needed for conclusive determination.