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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...

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Related Experiment Videos

Tongxinluo capsule for acute stroke.

Qi Zhuo1, Xunzhe Yang, Taixiang Wu

  • 1West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041. txwutx@hotmail.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The effectiveness of Tongxinluo capsules for acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain due to limited, low-quality studies. More high-quality trials are needed to determine the actual benefits and safety of this traditional Chinese medicine.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background:

  • Tongxinluo capsules, a traditional Chinese medicine, possess properties like vasodilation, antiplatelet, anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and lipid-lowering effects.
  • These properties suggest potential benefits for improving outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.
  • However, a lack of systematic review hinders robust conclusions on its efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of Tongxinluo capsules in treating acute cerebral infarction.
  • To compare Tongxinluo capsule treatment against control groups in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of multiple databases including Cochrane Stroke Group, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, and CBM was conducted.
  • Randomized controlled trials comparing Tongxinluo capsules with placebo or standard therapy were included, excluding patients with TIA, intracerebral hemorrhage, or heart/renal failure.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Only two low-quality randomized controlled trials, involving 232 participants, met the inclusion criteria.
  • Crucially, neither study reported on the pre-specified clinical outcomes of interest.
  • Consequently, no reliable estimation of Tongxinluo's effect on major clinical outcomes could be derived.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence is insufficient to reliably determine the efficacy or safety of Tongxinluo capsules for acute ischemic stroke.
  • High-quality randomized controlled trials are essential to accurately assess the benefits and risks of Tongxinluo capsule therapy.