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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...

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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
11:36

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Published on: April 21, 2012

Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Urbà González1, Mariona Pinart, Ludovic Reveiz

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Research Unit for Evidence-based Dermatology, Hospital Plató, c/ Plato 21, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain, 08006. urba.gonzalez@hospitalplato.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treatments for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis show varying success, with some therapies like oral fluconazole and photodynamic therapy demonstrating benefits. However, poor trial quality necessitates more rigorous studies to guide effective clinical practice for this serious skin disease.

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
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A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line

Published on: December 30, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant parasitic skin infection prevalent in developing nations.
  • Antimonials are standard treatments, yet their efficacy varies, prompting research into alternative therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL).

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to April 2008.
  • Included RCTs assessing treatments in immunocompetent individuals with confirmed OWCL.
  • Assessed trial quality and extracted data independently.

Main Results:

  • 49 trials involving 5559 participants were analyzed, with generally poor reporting quality.
  • For Leishmania major, oral fluconazole, topical paromomycin/methylbenzethonium chloride (PR-MBCL), and photodynamic therapy showed benefits compared to placebo.
  • For Leishmania tropica, oral itraconazole, intralesional sodium stibogluconate, and thermotherapy demonstrated efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Most existing trials for OWCL treatments are poorly designed and reported, limiting evidence.
  • There is an urgent need for large, high-quality studies to assess long-term treatment effects.
  • An international platform is recommended to enhance trial quality and standardization for better clinical guidance.