Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Geometric Sequences01:30

Geometric Sequences

In systems where values diminish by a constant proportion at each stage, the resulting sequence follows a geometric structure. Each new value in the sequence is obtained by applying a fixed multiplier to the preceding term. This regular, proportional decline type is often used to represent processes involving gradual loss, such as energy dissipation or reduction in amplitude over time.When analyzing the total effect of such a process across unlimited iterations, the series of values is referred...
Current Growth And Decay In RL Circuits01:30

Current Growth And Decay In RL Circuits

The current growth and decay in RL circuits can be understood by considering a series RL circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, a constant source of emf, and two switches. When the first switch is closed, the circuit is equivalent to a single-loop circuit consisting of a resistor and an inductor connected to a source of emf. In this case, the source of emf produces a current in the circuit. If there were no self-inductance in the circuit, the current would rise immediately to a steady...
Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities01:19

Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities

An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the most...
Partial Differential Equations01:21

Partial Differential Equations

A stone dropped into a still pond generates waves that propagate outward in circular patterns, creating a dynamic surface whose elevation depends on both position and time. At any given location, the water level oscillates as the wave passes, while at any fixed moment, the surface exhibits smooth, curved structures extending across space. This dual dependence requires a mathematical description that accounts for variation in multiple variables simultaneously.At a fixed point on the water...
Basic Discrete Time Signals01:16

Basic Discrete Time Signals

The unit step sequence is defined as 1 for zero and positive values of the integer n. This sequence can be graphically displayed using a set of eight sample points, showing a step function starting from n=0 and remaining constant thereafter.
The unit impulse or sample sequence is mathematically expressed as zero for all n values except at n=0, where it is one. The unit impulse sequence, denoted by δ(n), is the first difference of the unit step sequence, while the unit step sequence u(n) is the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Main Outcomes of the HEBE Trial: Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition Through a Tailored Feasible Lifestyle Program.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Application of integrated nested Laplace approximation to identify hot spots of methylation heterogeneity in healthy individuals from the MAMELI cohort.

Frontiers in genetics·2026
Same author

Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck: A 45-Year Experience of a Tertiary Cancer Center.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Copper Overload Affects α-Synuclein Clearance Mechanisms in a Parkinson's Disease In Vitro Model.

Advanced biology·2026
Same author

Copper Dyshomeostasis Affects α-Synuclein Clearance Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease: Insights from In Vitro Models and Translational Evidence.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Real-time quantification during indocyanine green fluorescent-guided surgery in canine soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Recurrence dynamics does not depend on the recurrence site.

Romano Demicheli1, Elia Biganzoli, Patrizia Boracchi

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy. demicheli@istitutotumori.mi.it

Breast Cancer Research : BCR
|October 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Breast cancer recurrence shows a bimodal pattern, with peaks around 24 and 60 months, supporting a tumor dormancy model. Recurrence timing appears independent of metastasis site, suggesting inherent tumor cell factors drive the disease course.

More Related Videos

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Age-dependent Dynamics of Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Lyapunov Exponent Analysis
06:44

Age-dependent Dynamics of Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Lyapunov Exponent Analysis

Published on: September 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Age-dependent Dynamics of Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Lyapunov Exponent Analysis
06:44

Age-dependent Dynamics of Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Lyapunov Exponent Analysis

Published on: September 23, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Breast cancer recurrence and mortality exhibit a bimodal hazard rate pattern, observed across multiple databases.
  • This pattern suggests distinct categories of recurrence or clustered events.
  • Previous explanations propose that different peaks arise from distinct recurrence types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the recurrence dynamics in early-stage breast cancer patients.
  • To investigate the timing and patterns of first recurrence events.
  • To evaluate the influence of metastasis site on recurrence dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recurrence dynamics in 1526 patients undergoing conservative surgery.
  • Focus on the first clinically relevant event: local recurrence, distant metastasis, contralateral breast cancer, or second primary tumor.
  • Estimation of specific hazard rates for different recurrence types and sites.

Main Results:

  • A bimodal hazard rate pattern was observed for overall recurrence, local recurrence, and distant metastasis, with peaks at approximately 24 and 60 months.
  • Contralateral breast tumors and second primary tumors showed a uniform, constant hazard rate.
  • Recurrence dynamics for distant metastases were bimodal regardless of the site (soft tissue, bone, lung, liver, CNS).

Conclusions:

  • The bimodal recurrence dynamics in early-stage breast cancer are confirmed, supporting a tumor-dormancy-based model.
  • Recurrence timing is independent of metastasis site, indicating common factors influencing metastatic development.
  • The findings suggest a common disease progression pathway driven by inherent tumor cell characteristics.