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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery

Published on: May 21, 2012

A high-mobility, low-cost phenotype defines human effector-memory CD8+ T cells.

Gabriela Zenhaeusern1, Patrick Gubser, Petra Eisele

  • 1Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, Basel, Switzerland.

Blood
|October 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

CD8+ T cells lacking specific homing receptors show enhanced random migration and high energy efficiency. This suggests a distinct metabolic profile for T cells operating outside lymph nodes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • T cell random-walk migration is crucial for immune surveillance.
  • Lymph node homing receptors (CCR7, CD62L) guide T cell trafficking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the migration efficiency and energy metabolism of CD8+ T cells lacking lymph node homing receptors.
  • To compare the behavior of lymphoid-homing versus non-lymphoid-homing CD8+ T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Migration assays and time-lapse microscopy.
  • Measurement of mitochondrial energy metabolism gene expression (PGC-1beta, ERRalpha, cytochrome C, ATP synthase, UCPs).
  • Quantification of intracellular ATP levels and calorimetric analyses.

Main Results:

  • CD8+ T cells deficient in CCR7 and CD62L exhibited more efficient migration in transwell assays.
  • These cells displayed a high frequency of random crawling in interstitial conditions, but not on endothelial cells.
  • High-energy efficiency was observed in the high-crawling frequency CD8+ T-cell population.
  • Differential heat production was noted between non-lymphoid and lymphoid-homing CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions:

  • CD8+ T cells lacking lymph node homing receptors possess distinct migratory and metabolic characteristics.
  • These cells are metabolically adapted for efficient function in non-lymphoid tissues.
  • Migration and energy efficiency are linked in T cell subsets with differential homing capabilities.