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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

UV–Vis Spectrometers

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

Published on: December 22, 2015

Echelle spectrograph optimized for a diffuse interstellar band carrier search using synchrotron radiation.

Mark H Stockett¹, Michael P Wood, Satyakumar Nagarajan

¹University of Wisconsin, Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. stockett@wisc.edu

|October 11, 2008

Summary

A new echelle spectrograph was developed for searching diffuse interstellar band carriers using synchrotron radiation. This instrument achieves uniform spectral order separation for enhanced astronomical observations.

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Area of Science:

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Spectroscopy
Interstellar Medium

Background:

Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features in astronomical spectra.
Identifying the carriers of DIBs is a long-standing challenge in astrophysics.
Synchrotron radiation offers a unique continuum source for laboratory spectroscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel echelle spectrograph designed for DIB carrier identification.
To optimize spectral resolution and wavelength coverage for DIB studies.
To utilize synchrotron radiation for high-sensitivity spectroscopic analysis.

Main Methods:

Design and implementation of an echelle spectrograph with broad wavelength coverage.
Integration of an external cross-dispersion spectrometer with a prism and grating.
Achieving nearly uniform separation of multiple echelle orders.
Utilizing synchrotron radiation as the light source.

Main Results:

The spectrograph provides broad wavelength coverage and optimized resolution.
The cross-dispersion system effectively separates echelle orders uniformly.
Performance and benchmark data confirm the instrument's capabilities.

Conclusions:

The developed echelle spectrograph is well-suited for diffuse interstellar band carrier searches.
The instrument's design facilitates high-resolution spectroscopic studies of interstellar molecules.
This work advances the capabilities for investigating the composition of the interstellar medium.