Multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae: new threat of an old problem

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

• Enterobacteriaceae cause significant nosocomial and community-onset infections.
• Antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria is a major healthcare challenge.
• Beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics are crucial for treating Enterobacteriaceae infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent developments in antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae.
• To discuss the epidemiology, clinical relevance, and detection of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae.
• To highlight emerging resistance, including novel beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on Enterobacteriaceae resistance.
• Analysis of emerging resistance mechanisms: new beta-lactamases (AmpC, ESBLs, carbapenemases) and quinolone resistance.
• Focus on epidemiology, clinical impact, and laboratory detection methods.

Main Results:

• Emerging resistance mechanisms include plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases (e.g., CMY types), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (e.g., CTX-M types), and carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes (e.g., KPC, metallo-beta-lactamases).
• Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance is also a significant emerging threat.
• These mechanisms contribute to multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae strains.

Conclusions:

• Understanding these emerging resistance mechanisms is vital for effective treatment and infection control.
• Continued surveillance and research are necessary to combat the rise of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae.
• This review provides insights into the latest advancements in the field.