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Wettability hysteresis and its implications for DNAPL source zone distribution.

Jodi L Ryder1, Avery H Demond

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA. ryderj@umich.edu

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|October 14, 2008
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Subsurface wettability depends on prior liquid contact, a phenomenon called wettability hysteresis. This history-dependent behavior influences nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) trapping and increases NAPL source zone heterogeneity.

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Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Hydrogeology

Background:

  • Subsurface heterogeneity complicates remediation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) sites.
  • Capillary trapping in heterogeneously-wetted materials can hydraulically isolate NAPLs, reducing remediation effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the wettability of ten diverse materials under different fluid system conditions.
  • To determine the influence of initial fluid contact on material wettability and identify wettability hysteresis.

Main Methods:

  • Examined wettability of ten materials (minerals, carbonaceous solids) in air/water, NAPL/air, and NAPL/water systems.
  • Assessed wettability based on initial immersion phase (water or NAPL).
  • Observed wettability in systems with halogenated NAPLs, independent of equilibration time.

Main Results:

  • Material wettability varied based on initial immersion: water-wet after water contact, NAPL-wet after NAPL contact.
  • Wettability hysteresis was observed across tested materials and halogenated NAPLs.
  • Hysteresis was most pronounced in NAPL/water systems, increasing with carbonaceous material content.

Conclusions:

  • Wettability hysteresis, a history-dependent phenomenon, significantly impacts NAPL behavior in subsurface environments.
  • The degree of capillary trapping is linked to wettability, suggesting system history is crucial for understanding NAPL source zone heterogeneity.
  • Findings highlight the need to consider historical fluid interactions for effective NAPL remediation strategies.