Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Aluminum in beverages and foods: A comprehensive compilation of regulations; concentrations in raw, prepared, and stored beverages and foods; and intake.

Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety·2025

Same author

Dietary burden of phosphorus and aluminum in ready-to-eat wheat flour tortillas exceed that of corn tortillas: Implications for patients with renal or cardiovascular disease.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024

Same author

Macrophage Polarization Status Impacts Nanoceria Cellular Distribution but Not Its Biotransformation or Ferritin Effects.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Same author

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments.

Beilstein journal of nanotechnology·2023

Same author

Cerium dioxide, a Jekyll and Hyde nanomaterial, can increase basal and decrease elevated inflammation and oxidative stress.

Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine·2022

Same author

Direct nose to the brain nanomedicine delivery presents a formidable challenge.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Study on the Metabolism of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) Leaves

Study on the Metabolism of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) Leaves

Published on: June 15, 2019

Aluminum bioavailability from tea infusion.

Robert A Yokel¹, Rebecca L Florence

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA. ryokel@email.uky.edu

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

|October 14, 2008

Summary

Oral aluminum (Al) bioavailability from tea infusion in rats was estimated. Tea provided a significant systemic Al amount, potentially reaching toxicity target organs, warranting further Alzheimer's disease research.

More Related Videos

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Published on: September 28, 2022

Tea Aroma Analysis Based on Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation Enrichment

Tea Aroma Analysis Based on Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation Enrichment

Published on: May 26, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Study on the Metabolism of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) Leaves

Study on the Metabolism of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) Leaves

Published on: June 15, 2019

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Published on: September 28, 2022

Tea Aroma Analysis Based on Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation Enrichment

Tea Aroma Analysis Based on Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation Enrichment

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Pharmacokinetics
Nutritional Science

Background:

Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous element with potential neurotoxic effects.
Dietary sources of Al, such as tea, may contribute to systemic exposure.
Understanding Al bioavailability from common consumables is crucial for health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify oral aluminum bioavailability from tea infusion in a rat model.
To compare Al absorption from tea with other common food matrices.
To assess the potential contribution of tea consumption to systemic Al levels.

Main Methods:

Utilized a stable isotope tracer, (26)Al, administered via intra-gastric infusion of tea prepared from labeled leaves.
Concurrent intravenous infusion of (27)Al served as a reference for pharmacokinetic calculations.
Oral Al bioavailability (F) was determined by comparing serum concentration-time curves of (26)Al and (27)Al.

Main Results:

Oral Al bioavailability from tea infusion averaged 0.37%.
This bioavailability was comparable to water (0.3%) and basic sodium aluminum phosphate (SALP) in cheese (0.1-0.3%).
Al bioavailability from tea was higher than from acidic SALP in a biscuit (0.1%).

Conclusions:

Tea consumption can significantly contribute to systemic aluminum exposure in humans.
Absorbed Al can potentially reach target organs associated with toxicity, including the central nervous system.
Future research on Al's role in diseases like Alzheimer's should consider total dietary intake, including tea.