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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers
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Altered brain activity during pain processing in fibromyalgia.

Markus Burgmer1, Esther Pogatzki-Zahn, Markus Gaubitz

  • 1Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany. burgmem@mednet.uni-muenster.de

Neuroimage
|October 14, 2008
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Summary

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) involves widespread pain, potentially due to central pain augmentation. Brain imaging reveals distinct activation patterns in FMS patients compared to controls, even before pain onset.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined by widespread pain, with functional neuroimaging suggesting central pain augmentation.
  • Understanding adaptive pain processing mechanisms in FMS is crucial, necessitating experimental approaches like tonic pain induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in brain activation between FMS patients and healthy controls using a novel tonic pain paradigm.
  • To test the hypothesis that brain areas within the medial pain system and amygdala exhibit altered activation in FMS.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a block design was employed before, during, and after a pain-inducing incision.
  • A 2-factorial model analyzed Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal changes to identify group differences in brain activation.
  • Time-course analysis of BOLD signals (Eigenvariates) was conducted in areas showing interaction between groups and pain stimulus.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in brain activation were observed between FMS patients and controls in the fronto-cingulate cortex, supplemental motor areas, and thalamus.
  • Distinct BOLD signal changes over the pain stimulation time course, including during anticipation, were noted between groups.
  • These findings suggest altered central pain processing mechanisms in FMS.

Conclusions:

  • Central pain processing mechanisms within the medial pain system play a significant role in FMS.
  • Cognitive and affective factors, even during pain anticipation, may influence pain processing in fibromyalgia syndrome.
  • The study supports the hypothesis of central pain augmentation in FMS, highlighting the importance of brain activity differences.