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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Indirect Immunofluorescence on Frozen Sections of Mouse Mammary Gland
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Immune cell regulators in mouse mammary development and involution.

C J Watson1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom. cjw53@cam.ac.uk

Journal of Animal Science
|October 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Mammary gland involution involves an acute inflammatory response and cell death, mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. Immune signaling also influences mammary cell differentiation during pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and immunology
  • Molecular and cellular biology
  • Gene expression and regulation

Background:

  • The mammary gland undergoes significant cellular and functional changes during pregnancy, lactation, and involution.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing these transitions is crucial for reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate transcriptional changes during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle.
  • To identify critical genes and signaling pathways involved in mammary gland involution and differentiation.
  • To explore the role of immune signaling in mammary epithelial cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis to profile gene expression during the cycle.
  • Utilizing genetically modified mice (conditional knockouts) to study gene function.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Indirect Immunofluorescence on Frozen Sections of Mouse Mammary Gland
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Published on: December 1, 2015

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models
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Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models

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Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells form Mammospheres During Lactogenic Differentiation
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Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells form Mammospheres During Lactogenic Differentiation

Published on: October 6, 2009

  • Investigating cytokine secretion by mammary epithelial cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Post-lactational involution involves an acute phase inflammatory response and programmed cell death.
    • Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways are essential for mammary gland involution.
    • Distinct transcriptional profiles characterize lactation and involution stages.
    • Immune cell signaling genes, particularly those involving Stat6, IL-4, and IL-13, play a role in mammary epithelial cell differentiation during pregnancy.
    • Mammary epithelial cells secrete distinct T-helper type 1 and type 2 cytokines based on differentiation status.

    Conclusions:

    • Mammary gland involution is a complex process involving inflammation and cell death, regulated by Stat3 and NF-κB.
    • Immune signaling pathways are unexpectedly involved in mammary epithelial cell differentiation and function.
    • These findings reveal novel molecular players in mammary gland biology.