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Subsurface granular flow in rotating tumblers: a detailed computational study.

Pengfei Chen1, Julio M Ottino, Richard M Lueptow

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Particle flow in rotating tumblers shows high-speed zones near endwalls due to friction. This phenomenon, studied using the discrete element method (DEM), impacts subsurface velocity fields and flowing layer structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Granular physics
  • Computational fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding particle flow in rotating drums is crucial for industrial processes.
  • Previous studies focused on surface flow, leaving subsurface dynamics less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the subsurface velocity field and flowing layer structure in rotating tumblers.
  • To analyze the impact of endwall friction on particle flow dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations were employed.
  • Simulations were conducted for both three-dimensional (3D) and quasi-2D rotating tumblers.
  • Endwall friction was systematically varied computationally.

Main Results:

  • High-speed flow regions with axial velocity components were observed near frictional endwalls, persisting through the flowing layer depth.
  • Endwall friction was confirmed as the cause of these high-speed regions via mass balance.
  • Axial flow near endwalls is localized and independent of tumbler length for tumblers longer than one diameter.
  • Quasi-2D tumblers exhibited merged high-speed regions, leading to higher overall velocity but shallower flow layers compared to long 3D tumblers.
  • Particle velocity fluctuations were greatest near the surface and decreased with depth.

Conclusions:

  • Endwall friction significantly influences subsurface particle flow and velocity fields in rotating tumblers.
  • Tumbler geometry (3D vs. quasi-2D) and length affect the distribution and intensity of high-speed flow regions.
  • The findings provide insights into granular material transport and mixing within rotating systems.