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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume01:07

Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume

Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

Multicompartment Models: Overview

Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
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T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis
16:40

T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis

Published on: July 31, 2010

Conserved-mass aggregation model with mass-dependent fragmentation on complex networks.

Sungchul Kwon1, Dong-Jin Lee, Yup Kim

  • 1Department of Physics and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores mass aggregation and fragmentation on networks, revealing that network structure and fragmentation rate determine whether condensation or uniform mass distribution occurs. Condensation is favored on heterogeneous networks with specific fragmentation parameters.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Network Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • The conserved-mass aggregation model describes how masses aggregate and fragment on networks.
  • Previous studies on random networks (RNs) and scale-free networks (SFNs) with lambda=0 showed condensation phase transitions.
  • Network structure and fragmentation dynamics significantly influence emergent phenomena in complex systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of mass-dependent fragmentation (parameter lambda) on aggregation dynamics in RNs and SFNs.
  • To analytically and numerically determine the conditions for condensation versus fluid phase behavior based on network properties and fragmentation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation using mean-field balance equations for aggregates.
  • Numerical simulations to confirm theoretical predictions.
  • Analysis of network structures including random networks (RNs) and scale-free networks (SFNs) with degree distribution Pk ~ k^(-gamma).

Main Results:

  • Condensation always occurs for lambda<0, irrespective of network structure.
  • For 03) exhibit condensation transitions, but a fluid phase emerges in the infinite network limit.
  • For SFNs with gamma<=3, a critical fragmentation rate lambda(c) = 1/(gamma-1) determines phase behavior: condensation for lambda=lambda(c).

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between network heterogeneity and fragmentation rate dictates phase separation in the aggregation model.
  • Scale-free networks with strong heterogeneity (gamma<=3) exhibit distinct phase behaviors compared to random networks or SFNs with gamma>3.
  • The model demonstrates rich phase transitions dependent on both network topology and fragmentation parameters.