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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Excited-state spectroscopy using single spin manipulation in diamond.

G D Fuchs1, V V Dobrovitski, R Hanson

  • 1Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We studied the spin structure in the excited state of diamond nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers. The excited state shows unique spin properties, including altered splitting and larger hyperfine interactions, useful for quantum information processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • The nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) center in diamond is a leading quantum bit candidate.
  • Understanding its excited-state spin dynamics is crucial for quantum applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spin structure of the diamond N-V center's orbital excited state.
  • To characterize the spin properties and their dependence on local environment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-spin resonant spectroscopy at room temperature.
  • Analyzed zero-field splitting, g factor, and hyperfine splitting in the excited state.

Main Results:

  • Excited-state spin levels exhibit approximately half the zero-field splitting of the ground state.
  • Hyperfine splitting in the excited state is about 20 times larger than in the ground state.
  • Resonance widths indicate the electronic lifetime in the excited state.

Conclusions:

  • Spin level splitting varies significantly between N-V centers due to local strain.
  • Local strain offers a method to control the spin Hamiltonian.
  • These findings are valuable for advancing quantum-information processing.