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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
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Published on: April 13, 2022

93Nb NMR spin echo spectroscopy in single crystal NbSe3.

S Suh1, W G Clark, P Monceau

  • 1Department of Physics & Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We observed electric field induced phase displacements of charge density waves (CDW) in NbSe3 crystals. Results align with elastic depinning models, showing reversible CDW polarization near the threshold electric field.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Charge density waves (CDW) are fundamental condensed matter phenomena.
  • Understanding CDW behavior under external fields is crucial for electronic applications.
  • Niobium triselenide (NbSe3) is a well-studied quasi-one-dimensional conductor exhibiting CDW properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electric field induced phase displacements of CDW in NbSe3.
  • To characterize CDW polarization dynamics near the threshold electric field (ET).
  • To compare experimental findings with theoretical elastic depinning models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 93Nb Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spin-echo spectroscopy.
  • Applied unipolar and bipolar electrical pulses to a single crystal of NbSe3.
  • Measured CDW polarization as a function of applied electric field strength.

Main Results:

  • Observed linear and reversible CDW polarizations up to 0.96 ET.
  • Found a broad distribution of CDW phase angles (up to ~60 degrees) near the threshold.
  • No evidence of polarizations exceeding a CDW wavelength or diverging near ET was found.

Conclusions:

  • The observed CDW polarization behavior is consistent with elastic depinning models.
  • The critical regime, predicted for large systems, was not observable in this study.
  • Results provide insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing CDW dynamics in response to electric fields.