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Related Concept Videos

Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
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General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay
06:45

Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay

Published on: May 26, 2011

Cell transmembrane receptors determine tissue pattern stability.

Tilo Beyer1, Michael Meyer-Hermann

  • 1Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. tilo.beyer@med.ovgu.de

Physical Review Letters
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mathematical models analyze complex biological systems. Cell aggregate formation via chemotaxis shows that rapid cell migration can cause instability in cell aggregates, mimicking structures in lymphoid tissue.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay
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Published on: May 26, 2011

Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells
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Published on: May 12, 2023

A High-throughput Cell Microarray Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Differentiation and Traction Forces
12:04

A High-throughput Cell Microarray Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Differentiation and Traction Forces

Published on: March 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Biological systems exhibit complexity from molecular to tissue levels, necessitating advanced mathematical tools for analysis.
  • Cellular aggregation through chemotaxis is a fundamental process in development and immunity.
  • Understanding the dynamics of cell migration and interaction is crucial for comprehending tissue formation and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of cell aggregates using chemotaxis through a computational approach.
  • To analyze the impact of cell migration speed and chemokine receptor dynamics on aggregate stability.
  • To identify conditions under which cell aggregates become unstable and to relate these findings to biological structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Delaunay object dynamics to model cell aggregate formation.
  • Simulating cell migration under conditions where chemokine distribution is far from equilibrium.
  • Analyzing the role of chemokine receptor dynamics in driving aggregate instability.

Main Results:

  • Fast cell migration, leading to a chemokine distribution far from equilibrium, can induce an instability in cell aggregates.
  • The specific dynamics of chemokine receptors play a critical role in this induced instability.
  • The observed instability occurs within a parameter range relevant to lymphoid tissue formation.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies a novel mechanism for cell aggregate instability driven by chemokine receptor dynamics during rapid cell migration.
  • This instability mechanism is relevant to the formation of structures observed in lymphoid tissues, such as ectopic lymphoid structures.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering non-equilibrium chemokine distributions and receptor dynamics in models of cell aggregation and tissue development.