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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
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Teratogenicity

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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
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The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Published on: August 2, 2017

Protein nitration in placenta - functional significance.

R P Webster1, V H J Roberts, L Myatt

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, PO Box 670526, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.

Placenta
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Protein nitration, a marker of oxidative stress, occurs in normal and pathological pregnancies. Increased nitration in placental proteins impacts cellular function, potentially contributing to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Placental dysfunction is implicated in pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
  • Oxidative stress and inflammation are key contributors to placental pathophysiology.
  • Reactive oxygen species, including nitric oxide (NO), play roles in placental development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of protein nitration, a marker of peroxynitrite formation, in placental function.
  • To determine if protein nitration differs between normal and pathological pregnancies.
  • To identify specific placental proteins affected by nitration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein nitration markers (3-nitrotyrosine) in placental tissues.
  • Comparison of nitration levels in normal versus pathological pregnancies.
  • Identification of nitrated proteins using proteomic techniques.

Main Results:

  • Protein nitration, indicated by 3-nitrotyrosine, is present in placental tissues during normal pregnancy.
  • Increased protein nitration is observed in pathological pregnancies.
  • Specific placental signal transduction enzymes and transporters are targets of nitration.

Conclusions:

  • Protein nitration is a prevalent post-translational modification in the placenta, influencing cellular function.
  • Altered protein nitration patterns may contribute to the pathophysiology of pregnancy disorders.
  • Further research into nitrated placental proteins could reveal new therapeutic targets.