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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
21:24

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

Epigenetics and human disease.

Martin Hirst1, Marco A Marra

  • 1Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors like nutrients and drugs alter DNA and histone modifications, influencing disease risk. These epigenetic changes are crucial for understanding how lifestyle impacts human health and disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Human Disease Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Covalent modifications of DNA and histones are dynamic processes.
  • These modifications are influenced by environmental stimuli including nutrients, hormones, and drugs.
  • Epigenetic alterations can be transient or heritable, impacting cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding DNA and histone modifications.
  • To explore the role of these epigenetic changes in human disease onset and progression.
  • To highlight the connection between environment, lifestyle, and disease susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific advances.
  • Analysis of studies investigating DNA and histone modifications.
  • Synthesis of information on chromatin dynamics and biological processes.

Main Results:

  • Environmental stimuli induce significant changes in DNA and histone modifications.
  • These epigenetic modifications are central to chromatin dynamics.
  • Alterations in DNA and histone modifications play key roles in DNA replication, repair, transcription, and development.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications provide a framework for studying environmental and lifestyle impacts on disease.
  • Understanding DNA and histone modifications is critical for human disease research.
  • Recent advances offer new insights into the role of epigenetics in disease progression.