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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

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Permanent Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Mice: A Model of Post-myocardial Infarction Remodelling and Heart Failure
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Subcellular remodelling may induce cardiac dysfunction in congestive heart failure.

Naranjan S Dhalla1, Harjot K Saini-Chohan, Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva

  • 1Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6. nsdhalla@sbrc.ca

Cardiovascular Research
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Subcellular remodelling, not just heart size changes, drives cardiac dysfunction in congestive heart failure (CHF). Molecular and structural changes in heart organelles are key to heart failure progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Congestive heart failure (CHF) progression is linked to cardiac remodelling, but the mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction remain unclear.
  • Existing models focus on macroscopic heart changes, neglecting critical molecular and structural alterations within heart cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of subcellular remodelling in the development of cardiac dysfunction in CHF.
  • To identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying subcellular changes in failing hearts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of extensive research on subcellular organelles in CHF.
  • Analysis of alterations in cardiac gene expression, proteases, and phospholipases.
  • Investigation of factors contributing to subcellular remodelling, including ventricular wall stress and neurohormonal activation.

Main Results:

  • CHF involves significant changes in subcellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum) in composition and structure.
  • Subcellular remodelling is driven by altered gene expression and enzyme activity in the failing heart.
  • These changes impact cardiomyocyte structure, ion balance, signaling pathways, and energy production.

Conclusions:

  • Subcellular remodelling is a critical factor in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure.
  • Understanding these molecular changes is essential for developing targeted therapies for CHF.
  • Subcellular remodelling directly contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction in congestive heart failure.