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Three-Dimensional Shape Modeling and Analysis of Brain Structures
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Three-dimensional brain growth abnormalities in childhood-onset schizophrenia visualized by using tensor-based

Nitin Gogtay1, Allen Lu, Alex D Leow

  • 1Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. gogtayn@mail.nih.gov

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is linked to significantly slower white matter (WM) growth in the brain, particularly in the right hemisphere. This reduced WM growth correlates with poorer functional prognosis in affected children.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is characterized by progressive gray matter (GM) loss.
  • Previous research focused on GM deficits, leaving white matter (WM) development less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter (WM) growth abnormalities in children with schizophrenia (COS) using tensor-based morphometry.
  • To compare WM growth rates between COS patients and healthy controls over a five-year period.
  • To explore the relationship between WM growth and clinical outcomes in COS.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal brain MRI scans from 12 COS patients and 12 matched healthy controls were analyzed.
  • High-dimensional elastic image registration was used to create 3D maps of local WM growth rates.
  • Statistical analyses compared growth rates between groups and correlated them with functional assessments.

Main Results:

  • COS patients exhibited significantly slower WM growth rates (up to 2.2% per year slower) compared to healthy children (P = 0.02).
  • Reduced growth was more pronounced in the right hemisphere of COS patients, showing hemispheric asymmetry (P = 0.006).
  • Slower WM growth rates in COS were associated with poorer functional prognosis, as measured by the Children's Global Assessment Scale (R = 0.64, P = 0.029).

Conclusions:

  • White matter (WM) development is significantly impaired in childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), with reduced growth rates observed throughout the brain.
  • The observed WM growth abnormalities, particularly the right-hemisphere asymmetry, may contribute to the neurodevelopmental trajectory of schizophrenia.
  • These findings underscore the importance of studying WM development in COS and its connection to clinical outcomes, refuting the idea that GM deficits result from WM overgrowth.