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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

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Published on: July 30, 2017

Trigeminal event-related potentials in patients with olfactory dysfunction.

Ph Rombaux1, A Mouraux, T Keller

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium. philippe.rombaux@uclouvain.be

Rhinology
|October 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with severe olfactory dysfunction show reduced trigeminal sensitivity. This study highlights the interplay between smell and trigeminal nerve function, measured by chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • The olfactory and trigeminal systems exhibit complex interactions.
  • Olfactory dysfunction can significantly impact quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess trigeminal sensitivity in patients with olfactory dysfunction using chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs).
  • To determine if trigeminal event-related potentials (ERPs) differ based on the presence or absence of olfactory ERPs.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 60 patients with various causes of olfactory dysfunction.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test.
  • Chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs) were recorded for both olfactory and trigeminal stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory/trigeminal ERPs were detected in 25 out of 60 patients.
  • Patients lacking detectable olfactory ERPs exhibited altered trigeminal sensitivity, with increased P2 latencies and decreased P2/N1-P2 amplitudes.
  • A negative correlation was found between P2 latencies and "Sniffin' Sticks" scores (r = -0.46, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Severe olfactory dysfunction is associated with decreased trigeminal sensitivity, evidenced by electrophysiological measures.
  • The findings support the concept of interactions between the chemical senses.
  • Further research is needed to ascertain if altered trigeminal responses can predict olfactory recovery.