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Mid-Pliocene equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature reconstruction: a multi-proxy perspective.

Harry J Dowsett¹, Marci M Robinson

¹US Geological Survey, 926A National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA. hdowsett@usgs.gov

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences

|October 16, 2008

Summary

The Mid-Pliocene warm period showed cooler western Pacific and significantly warmer eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). This suggests multiple climate forcings, not just greenhouse gases, caused this past global warmth.

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Area of Science:

Paleoclimatology
Oceanography
Climate Science

Background:

The Mid-Pliocene represents the most recent sustained global warmth, offering insights into future climate projections.
Accurate reconstructions of past ocean conditions are crucial for understanding climate change dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To reconstruct and analyze the spatial sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the low-latitude Mid-Pliocene Pacific.
To compare Mid-Pliocene SSTs with modern temperatures and understand past climate variability.

Main Methods:

Analysis of proxy data (faunal, alkenone, Mg/Ca) to determine Mid-Pliocene sea surface temperatures.
Comparison of reconstructed SSTs with present-day temperature data.

Main Results:

A notable contrast in SST anomalies between the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) and eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP).
WEP sites showed minimal deviation from modern temperatures, while EEP sites exhibited significant warming (up to 4.4°C).
Reconstruction indicated warmer-than-modern SSTs in the EEP and an eastward extension of the WEP warm pool, decreasing the east-west gradient.

Conclusions:

Mid-Pliocene warming was likely caused by a combination of forcings, including increased greenhouse gases (GHG) and altered meridional heat transport.
Increased greenhouse gases alone are improbable to explain the observed heterogeneous warming pattern.