Mapping geographical variation in obesity in Finland

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Geographic Information Systems

Background:

• Obesity prevalence differs globally, but within-country geographical variations remain under-researched.
• This study addresses the geographical distribution of general and abdominal obesity within Finland.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and visualize geographical differences in general obesity (BMI) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference, WHR) in Finland.
• To identify regional disparities in obesity prevalence within the country.

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from three large Finnish population surveys (Health 2000, FINRISK 1997 & 2002) involving 17,816 adults (30-64 years).
• Measured weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences.
• Applied a Bayesian hierarchical model and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to analyze geographical patterns.

Main Results:

• General obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) showed minor geographical variation, being lower in cities.
• Abdominal obesity prevalence, defined by waist circumference and WHR, was notably higher in western Finland for both men and women.
• Women exhibited the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity, especially when defined by waist circumference, in western Finland.

Conclusions:

• Geographical variation in general obesity (BMI) was less pronounced than in abdominal obesity indicators (waist circumference, WHR).
• Western Finland exhibited unexpectedly high rates of abdominal obesity, an area previously under-investigated for this metric.
• Geospatial mapping of obesity provides a valuable tool for public health professionals and targeted health promotion initiatives.